Supination is a movement that occurs in three independent joints. The proximal radioulnar joint, the distal radioulnar joint and the elbow joint are characterized by the following characteristics. (especially the radio capitular part of the elbow). Let’s dig deeper to understand forearm supination.
Supination and elbow flexion are two movements that frequently occur together. As a supinator and elbow flexor, the biceps is the strongest of all the muscles that perform each of these tasks. This makes muscular sense because it is the strongest muscle that performs these functions.
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This occurs by turning door handles, keys, screwdrivers and positioning the hand to perform the operation. Other activities such as opening windows, holding huge bowls, trays and other objects are examples of using these two movements simultaneously.
The palm is turned upwards supinating the hand and forearm rotating the forearm. The torque applied to the forearm at work is a risk factor for musculoskeletal problems. Worker damage and pain are linked to tasks that require this form of static or repetitive forearm twisting.
Description of forearm supination
Supinator muscle
The supinator muscle is a muscle of the forearm located in the posterior compartment. Forearm supination is primarily controlled by this muscle, as its name suggests.
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Structure
There are two layers of fibers in the supinator muscle, located in the upper and posterior compartments of the forearm. In the light and rear examples, it surrounds about a third of the radius. The deep branch of the radial nerve is placed between these two layers.
Origin
The supinator muscle derives from the ulna and humerus and has a broad origin. Fibers from both fiber layers of common origin include the ulnar supinator, the epicondyle of the humerus, and the annular radial ligament.
In the upper part of the radius, the superficial layer of fibers has a tendinous origin and is surrounded by it. The deepest layer of fiber surrounds the neck of the radius above the radial tuberosity; forming a ring around the neck of the radius.
Insertion
Distal to the radial tuberosity, the anterolateral and posterior surfaces of the proximal part of the radius are involved.
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innervation
As the radial nerve enters the supinator muscle, the deep branch of the nerve, which becomes the posterior interosseous nerve, provides the force.
Function
Supination of the forearm is the main function of the supinator. The elbow can be in any position of flexion or extension to perform this task. If you need a lot of supination, the biceps brachii are the muscles to use as supinators. When the elbow is extended, the biceps brachii muscle cannot supinate.
Clinical relevance
Before the supinator muscle, the radial nerve separates into two distinct branches: deep and superficial. This can result in entrapment and compression of the deep branch of the nerve; which could lead to selective paralysis of the muscles served by this nerve.
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Additionally, various soft tissue tumors surrounding the nerve as well as recurrent supination and pronation have been identified as likely causes of this nerve syndrome (called supinator entrapment syndrome).
Assessment
Keeping the patient’s forearm neutral, place the patient’s arm and elbow in extension. The proximal third of the radius can be palpated along the posterior portion of the proximal third.
Workplace tests explain hand and forearm supination
An outward facing arm with the palm facing up or away from the body is supination of the hand and forearm. The radius is parallel to the ulna when the wrist is supinated. You use the biceps brachii of your upper arm and the supination muscles of the forearm for this twisting movement.
The hand, wrist and forearm rotate 180 degrees into full supination. Elbow epicondylitis and other cumulative trauma may develop due to frequent or prolonged supination. As a result of repetitive or prolonged supination of the hand and forearm, muscle contracture and decreased range of motion may occur.
Supination can worsen the consequences of possible injuries if the elbow is not bent and the biceps brachii is not used. Forearm twisting work should be taught to employees to reduce the risk of damage. The muscles must frequently recover and rest in a neutral position. thus, frequent recovery periods are recommended.